遭難
そうなん · sounan · JLPT N1 · noun
catastrophe
🚢 遭 (meet with) + 難 (hardship): meeting with hardship, like a ship hitting trouble at sea
遭 means encounter or run into, and 難 means hardship or danger. Together they mean suffering a disaster or shipwreck, so the sea-ship emoji fits the shipwreck sense.