pena
/ˈpena/ · A2 · noun · f
punishment
⚖️ pena = penalty: same Latin root poena, also behind English pain
Latin poena meant a penalty paid for a wrong. Spanish kept that legal sense (pena de prisión) and stretched it to the ache itself: sorrow, then pity. Qué pena = what a pity. English penalty, penal and pain are cousins.