超過
ちょうか · chouka · JLPT N2 · noun
excess
超 = beyond + 過 = pass over: passing beyond a limit means excess
Both characters share the idea of going past a line. 超 means beyond and 過 means pass or go over, so 超過 means going past a set amount or number.
超 — 走 (run) + 召 (summon, phonetic)
A semantic-phonetic compound: 走 'run' gives the meaning of moving past or going beyond, while 召 'summon' supplies the sound. The original sense was to leap or stride over something, which extended to 'surpass' and 'exceed'.