同格
どうかく · doukaku · JLPT N2 · noun
rank
同 (same) + 格 (rank, case, grammatical position) = same rank or same grammatical case
同 means same and 格 means rank or position, so 同格 names a relation between two items sitting at the same level. In grammar it is apposition: two noun phrases that refer to one thing, like 'my friend Ken'.
同 — 冂 enclosure + 一 + 口 mouth
Originally depicted multiple mouths gathered under one cover or enclosure, suggesting people speaking together in agreement. From this image of voices joining, it came to mean 'same,' 'together,' or 'alike.' The shared cover symbolizes unity.
格 — wood 木 + 各 (each, phonetic)
格 is a semantic-phonetic compound: 木 (wood) gives the meaning, originally referring to a wooden frame, lattice, or crossbar, while 各 supplies the sound. From 'frame/grid' the meaning extended to 'pattern, standard, style' and the modern senses of 'square (in a grid)' and 'character/disposition'.