胆
dǎn · HSK 5
guts
月 (flesh) + 旦 (dawn) — the organ that 'dawns' bravery
Left radical 月 marks body organs; right side 旦 (dawn: sun 日 over horizon 一) gives the sound dǎn. Literally the gall bladder, but Chinese tradition tied this organ to courage — hence 大胆 'bold' and 胆小 'timid'.
胆 — flesh radical 月 (肉) + 旦 dàn (phonetic)
胆 is a phono-semantic compound. The 月 component here is the 'flesh/meat' radical (肉), marking it as a body part — the gallbladder. 旦 (dàn) gives the sound. By extension, since the gallbladder was traditionally linked to courage, 胆 also means 'guts' or 'bravery'.