确凿
què záo · HSK 7
definite
🔨🪨 确 sure + 凿 chisel: facts chiseled into stone, certain and undeniable
确 means sure/certain; 凿 means to chisel or carve. Together: evidence cut into rock so firmly it cannot be denied. Use 确凿 for conclusive, ironclad proof.
凿 — 业 + 凵 + 殳 + 金-like base
凿 (záo) originally depicted a hand holding a chisel-like tool striking down into a mortar or hollow, conveying the act of cutting or boring. The traditional form 鑿 includes 金 (metal), marking it as a metal tool; the simplified form drops the metal radical but keeps the chiseling sense. It now means 'to chisel, bore' or 'chisel' as a noun.