故意
gùyì · HSK 2
deliberate
故 (old/cause) + 意 (intent) = on-purpose, by intent
故 carries the sense of reason or cause, and 意 means intent or thought. Together they describe an act done with prior intent — deliberately, willfully — as opposed to 无意 (unintentionally).
故 — 古 (old) + 攵 (action/strike)
故 combines 古 'old' as the phonetic with 攵, a variant of 攴 meaning to strike or act. Originally it referred to a cause or reason behind an action. From this it extended to mean 'former, old, deceased' and 'therefore, hence' as a connector.