患有
huàn yoǔ · HSK 7
to be afflicted with
🤒 患 (suffer/affliction) + 有 (have) = to have an affliction, i.e. suffer from an illness
患有 pairs 患 'to suffer from' with 有 'to have', so it literally reads as 'to have-and-suffer' — used for carrying a chronic or diagnosed condition. 患 also shows up in 病患 (patient) and 患者 (sufferer).
患 — 串 chuàn (phonetic) + 心 heart
A semantic-phonetic compound: 心 'heart/mind' gives the meaning of inner worry, while 串 'string/skewer' suggests the sound. The original sense was anxiety or troubles weighing on the mind, which later extended to 'suffer from' an illness or calamity.
有 — hand 𠂇 + moon/meat 月
Originally depicted a hand holding a piece of meat (月 here is the 'meat' radical, not moon), expressing the idea of possessing something. Over time the meaning broadened from 'to hold/possess' to the general sense of 'to have' or 'there is/exists'.