囚犯
qiú fàn · HSK 7
prisoner
⛓️ 囚 = a person 人 boxed inside an enclosure 囗; 犯 = offender, so 囚犯 is a locked-up offender
囚 is literally the radical 人 (person) trapped inside 囗 (an enclosure/walls). Add 犯 (offender, criminal) and you get 囚犯, the offender kept behind walls: a prisoner or convict.
犯 — dog radical 犭 + 㔾 (kneeling person)
Originally a semantic-phonetic compound: the dog radical 犭 suggested an animal attacking, while 㔾 (a kneeling figure) hinted at the sound and the idea of submission or transgression. The meaning broadened from 'a beast attacking a person' to 'to violate, offend, commit (a crime),' giving modern senses like 'criminal' and 'to infringe.'