上述
shàngshù · HSK 7
above-mentioned
⬆️ 上 (above) + 述 (to state) = the thing stated above
上 means above or earlier; 述 means to state or recount. Together 上述 labels something already stated earlier in a text, like the English above-mentioned.
上 — horizontal line above a baseline
上 is an indicative character (指事): a short stroke placed above a longer reference line shows the concept of 'above' or 'up'. The earliest oracle-bone forms used two horizontal lines for this; the modern shape added a vertical stroke for clarity. The core meaning of 'upper, above, to ascend' has stayed stable for millennia.